Suffixes in English – Hậu tố trong Tiếng Anh
In a series of affixes in English, we’ve given you a brief introduction of prefixes in English. This week, of course, is the right time to get some more information of suffixes in English
A suffix is a letter or a group of letters attached to the end of a word to form a new word or to alter the grammatical function of the original word. For example, the verb read can be made into the noun reader by adding the suffix -er; read can be made into the adjective readable by adding the suffix -able. A little test, shall we: Suffixes in English Practice Test.
Understanding the meanings of the common suffixes can help us deduce the meaning of a new word and what part of speech (e.g. noun, verb, adjective or adverb) the word belongs to. The table below defines and illustrates 37 common suffixes.
Common Suffixes
| Noun Suffixes | ||
| Suffix | Meaning | Example |
| -acy | state or quality | privacy, legacy |
| -al | act or process of | refusal, approval |
| -ance, -ence | the action or state of |
maintenance, eminence |
| -dom | the condition, the rank of (trạng thái, cấp độ) |
freedom, kingdom |
| -er, -or | one who (danh từ chỉ người) |
trainer, protector |
| -ism | doctrine, belief (học thuyết, tín ngưỡng) |
communism, heroism |
| -ist | one who (danh từ chỉ người) |
chemist, psychologist |
| -ity, -ty | quality of | veracity, nationality |
| -ment | the action or result of |
argument, agreement |
| -ness | state of being |
heaviness, carelessness |
| -ship | the status, position, group of (tư cách, vị trí, hội) |
citizenship, fellowship, partnership |
| -sion, -tion | state of being | concession, transition |
| Verb Suffixes | ||
| -ate | become | eradicate, meditate |
| -en | become | enlighten, strengthen |
| -ify, -fy | make or become | terrify, pacify |
| -ize, -ise | become | civilize, popularize |
| Adjective Suffixes | ||
| -able, -ible | capable of being |
edible, presentable |
| -al | pertaining to (thuộc, gắn với) |
regional, hormonal |
| -esque | reminiscent of (gợi lại) |
picturesque |
| -ful | notable for | fanciful, beautiful |
| -ic, -ical | pertaining to | musical, mythic |
| -ious, -ous | characterized by (có tính) |
nutritious, portentous |
| -ish | having the quality of (giống) |
fiendish, childish |
| -ive | having the nature of | creative, imaginative |
| -less | without | endless, careless |
| -y | characterized by | sleazy, sleepy |
| Adverb Suffixes | ||
| -ly | in the manner indicated by the root (theo hàm ý nghĩa từ gốc) |
peacefully, heavily |
| -ward | in the direction of (whatever the root indicates – theo hướng của từ gốc) | eastward, homeward, backward |
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Reference:
- http://grammar.about.com/
Edited by Organizing Department
